Investigating the impact of Psidium guajava leaf hydroalcoholic extract in improving glutamatergic toxicity-induced oxidative stress in Danio rerio larvae.

Glutamate is one of the predominant excitatory neurotransmitters released from the central nervous system; however, at high concentrations, this substance may induce excitotoxicity. This phenomenon is involved in numerous neuropathologies. At present, clinically available pharmacotherapeutic agents to counteract glutamatergic excitotoxicity are not completely effective; therefore, research to develop novel compounds is necessary. In this study, the main objective was to determine the pharmacotherapeutic potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium guajava (PG) in a model of oxidative stress-induced by exposure to glutamate utilizing Danio rerio larvae (zebrafish) as a model. Data showed that treatment with glutamate produced a significant increase in oxidative stress, chromatin damage, apoptosis, and locomotor dysfunction. All these effects were attenuated by pre-treatment with the classical antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Treatment with PG inhibited oxidative stress responsible for cellular damage induced by glutamate. However, exposure to PG failed to prevent glutamate-initiated locomotor damage. Our findings suggest that under conditions of oxidative stress, PG can be considered as a promising candidate for treatment of glutamatergic excitotoxicity and consequent neurodegenerative diseases.

Developmental iron exposure induces locomotor alterations in Drosophila: Exploring potential association with oxidative stress.

Prenatal iron (Fe) exposure has been associated with learning and cognitive impairments, which may be linked to oxidative stress resulting from elevated Fe levels and harm to the vulnerable brain. Drosophila melanogaster has contributed to our understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in neurological conditions. This study aims to explore Fe toxicity during D. melanogaster development, assessing oxidative stress and investigating behaviors in flies that are related to neurological conditions in humans. To achieve this goal, flies were exposed to Fe during the developmental period, and biochemical and behavioral analyses were conducted. The results indicated that 20 mM Fe decreased fly hatching by 50 %. At 15 mM, Fe exposure increased lipid peroxidation, and GSH levels decreased starting from 5 mM of Fe. Superoxide Dismutase activity was enhanced at 15 mM, while Glutathione S-Transferase activity was inhibited from 5 mM. Although chronic Fe exposure did not alter acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, flies exhibited reduced locomotion, increased grooming, and antisocial behavior from 5 mM of Fe. This research highlights potential Fe toxicity risks during development and underscores the utility of D. melanogaster in unraveling neurological disorders, emphasizing its relevance for future research.

Diphenyl Diselenide Attenuates Mitochondrial Damage During Initial Hypoxia and Enhances Resistance to Recurrent Hypoxia.

Hypoxia plays a significant role in the development of various cerebral diseases, many of which are associated with the potential risk of recurrence due to mitochondrial damage. Conventional drug treatments are not always effective for hypoxia-related brain diseases, necessitating the exploration of alternative compounds. In this study, we investigated the potential of diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)2] to ameliorate locomotor impairments and mitigate brain mitochondrial dysfunction in zebrafish subjected to hypoxia. Additionally, we explored whether these improvements could confer resistance to recurrent hypoxia. Through a screening process, an appropriate dose of (PhSe)2 was determined, and animals exposed to hypoxia received a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of the compound or vehicle. After 1 h from the injection, evaluations were conducted on locomotor deficits, (PhSe)2 content, mitochondrial electron transport system, and mitochondrial viability in the brain. The animals were subsequently exposed to recurrent hypoxia to assess the latency time to hypoxia symptoms. The findings revealed that (PhSe)2 effectively crossed the blood-brain barrier, attenuated locomotor deficits induced by hypoxia, and improved brain mitochondrial respiration by modulating complex III. Furthermore, it enhanced mitochondrial viability in the telencephalon, contributing to greater resistance to recurrent hypoxia. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of (PhSe)2 on both hypoxia and recurrent hypoxia, with cerebral mitochondria being a critical target of its action. Considering the involvement of brain hypoxia in numerous pathologies, (PhSe)2 should be further tested to determine its effectiveness as a potential treatment for hypoxia-related brain diseases.

Assessing the disparity: comparative toxicity of Copper in zebrafish larvae exposes alarming consequences of permissible concentrations in Brazil.

Copper (Cu) is a naturally occurring metal with essential micronutrient properties. However, this metal might also pose increased adverse environmental and health risks due to industrial and agricultural activities. In Brazil, the maximum allowable concentration of Cu in drinking water is 2 mg/L. Despite this standard, the impact of such concentrations on aquatic organisms remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of CuSO4 using larval zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae at 72 hr post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to nominal CuSO4 concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 48 mg/L to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50), established at 8.4 mg/L. Subsequently, non-lethal concentrations of 0.16, 0.32, or 1.6 mg/L were selected for assessing CuSO4 -induced toxicity. Morphological parameters, including body length, yolk sac area, and swim bladder area, were adversely affected by CuSO4 exposure, particularly at 1.6 mg/L (3.31 mm ±0.1, 0.192 mm2 ±0.01, and 0.01 mm2 ±0.05, respectively). In contrast, the control group exhibited values of 3.62 mm ±0.09, 0.136 mm2 ±0.013, and 0.3 mm2 ±0.06, respectively. Behavioral assays demonstrated impairments in escape response and swimming capacity, accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. In addition, decreased levels of non-protein thiols and reduced cellular viability were noted. Data demonstrated that exposure to CuSO4 at similar concentrations as those permitted in Brazil for Cu adversely altered morphological, biochemical, and behavioral endpoints in zebrafish larvae. This study suggests that the permissible Cu concentrations in Brazil need to be reevaluated, given the potential enhanced adverse health risks of exposure to environmental metal contamination.

Sleep disturbance induces a modulation of clock gene expression and alters metabolism regulation in drosophila.

Sleep disorders are catching attention worldwide as they can induce dyshomeostasis and health issues in all animals, including humans. Circadian rhythms are biological 24-hour cycles that influence physiology and behavior in all living organisms. Sleep is a crucial resting state for survival and is under the control of circadian rhythms. Studies have shown the influence of sleep on various pathological conditions, including metabolic diseases; however, the biological mechanisms involving the circadian clock, sleep, and metabolism regulation are not well understood. In previous work, we standardized a sleep disturbance protocol and, observed that short-time sleep deprivation and sleep-pattern alteration induce homeostatic sleep regulation, locomotor deficits, and increase oxidative stress. Now, we investigated the relationship between these alterations with the circadian clock and energetic metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the expression of the circadian clock and drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs) genes and metabolic markers glucose, triglycerides, and glycogen in fruit flies subjected to short-term sleep disruption protocols. The sleep disturbance altered the expression of clock genes and DILPs genes expression, and modulated glucose, triglycerides, and glycogen levels. Moreover, we demonstrated changes in mTor/dFoxo genes, AKT phosphorylation, and dopamine levels in nocturnal light-exposed flies. Thus, our results suggest a connection between clock genes and metabolism disruption as a consequence of sleep disruption, demonstrating the importance of sleep quality in health maintenance.

Increased Iron Levels and Oxidative Stress Mediate Age-Related Impairments in Male and Female Drosophila melanogaster.

Aging is characterized by a functional decline in the physiological functions and organic systems, causing frailty, illness, and death. Ferroptosis is an iron- (Fe-) dependent regulated cell death, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several disorders, such as cardiovascular and neurological diseases. The present study investigated behavioral and oxidative stress parameters over the aging of Drosophila melanogaster that, together with augmented Fe levels, indicate the occurrence of ferroptosis. Our work demonstrated that older flies (30-day-old) of both sexes presented impaired locomotion and balance when compared with younger flies (5-day-old). Older flies also produced higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decreased glutathione levels (GSH), and increased lipid peroxidation. In parallel, Fe levels were augmented in the fly's hemolymph. The GSH depletion with diethyl maleate potentiated the behavioral damage associated with age. Our data demonstrated biochemical effects that characterize the occurrence of ferroptosis over the age of D. melanogaster and reports the involvement of GSH in the age-associated damages, which could be in part attributed to the augmented levels of Fe.

Permissible concentration of mancozeb in Brazilian drinking water elicits oxidative stress and bioenergetic impairments in embryonic zebrafish.

Mancozeb (MZ) is widely used as a fungicide in Brazil due to its effectiveness in combating fungal infections in plantations. However, its toxicity to non-target organisms, including aquatic organisms, has been reported in the literature. Recently, Brazilian legislation was updated to allow a concentration of 8 µg/L of MZ in drinking water (Ordinance GM/MS nº 888, of May 4, 2021). However, the safety of this concentration for aquatic organisms has not yet been put to the test. To address this gap, we conducted a study using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at 4 hpf exposed to MZ at the concentration allowed by law, as well as slightly higher sublethal concentrations (24, 72, and 180 µg/L), alongside a control group. We evaluated various morphophysiological markers of toxicity, including survival, spontaneous movements, heart rate, hatching rate, body axis distortion, total body length, total yolk sac area, and total eye area. Additionally, we measured biochemical biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lipid peroxidation, non-protein thiols (NPSH), and mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters. Our results showed that the concentration of 8 µg/L, currently permitted in drinking water according to Brazilian legislation, increased ROS production levels and caused alterations in mitochondrial physiology. Among the markers assessed, mitochondrial bioenergetic function appeared to be the most sensitive indicator of MZ embryotoxicity, as a decrease in complex I activity was observed at concentrations of 8 and 180 µg/L. Furthermore, concentrations higher than 8 µg/L impaired morphophysiological markers. Based on these findings, we can infer that the concentration of MZ allowed in drinking water by Brazilian environmental legislation is not safe for aquatic organisms. Our study provides evidence that this fungicide is a potent embryotoxic agent, highlighting the potential risks associated with its exposure.

Exposure to Mancozeb results in increased MAPK phosphorylation and locomotor deficits in zebrafish larvae.

Mancozeb is a widely used fungicide whose toxicity has been reported in non-target organisms, being considered to have high or very high acute toxicity to aquatic organisms. However, the toxicity of this compound is not well characterized in the developmental stages of fish. In this study, Danio rerio with 4-, 5-, and 6-days post fertilization (dpf) was exposed to MZ at non-lethal concentrations for 24, 48, or 72 h and subsequently, behavioral alterations, oxidative stress parameters and ERK, p38MAPK, and Akt phosphorylation were analyzed. MZ exposure during the larval period decreased motor performance evaluated by traveled distance, immobile time, and time spent in the peripheral area. In parallel, MZ induced ROS levels and increased the number of cells in apoptosis, causing severe DNA damage, inducing Acetylcholinesterase and Superoxide dismutase activities, and inhibiting Glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase. Additionally, phosphorylation levels of the proteins p38MAPK, ERK2, and Akt were stimulated. These findings are relevant considering the ecological implications of MZ exposure to fishes in different developmental stages and the role of the MAPK pathway in events like development and cell death.

Assessment of alcohol-induced aggressive behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio): A practical class.

Ethanol (EtOH) is among the most consumed drugs in the world. The behavior of humans after ingestion of this drug is characteristic: At low doses it may be excitatory and at higher doses, it may induce depressant/sedative effects. Similar effects are observed in the zebrafish experimental model (Danio rerio), which has about 70% genetic similarity with humans and has been widely used in numerous research. With the objective of improving the learning of biochemistry students, this work aimed to develop a practical exercise in the laboratory for students to observe the behavioral repertoire of zebrafish under the effects of exposure to ethanol. Through this practical class, the students were able to observe the similarity of the behavior of the animal model with that of humans, showing its importance for the consolidation of knowledge, awakening in the students an interest in science and its applications in everyday life.

Are There Differences in Fracture Patterns in Mandibular Ramus Sagittal Osteotomies Between Hunsuck/Epker, Wolford, and Posnick Modifications?

PURPOSE: Despite decades of study, the best technique for mandibular ramus sagittal osteotomy has not been definitively determined. The purpose of the present study was to compare fracture patterns, inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) visualization, and torque required for mandibular sagittal splitting using the Hunsuck/Epker, Wolford, and Posnick techniques. METHODS: This was a laboratory (ex vivo), randomized, a single-blind study performed to evaluate sagittal split osteotomies in porcine mandibles using a specifically designed test system. The study's predictor variable was the osteotomy technique, which was divided into 3 groups: Group Hunsuck/Epker (GHE), group Wolford (GW), and group Posnick (GP). The outcome variables were lingual fracture pattern, torque in newtons (N) required to separate the mandible, and IAN visualization. The covariates were mandibular radiodensity and time between dejection and the experiment. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality statistics and analysis of variance with Tukey post test statistics were performed. P value <.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 120 equally divided porcine hemimandibles in each group. The torque forces were significantly lower (P < .001) when using the Posnick technique (2.07 ± 0.22 N) than when using the Hunsuck/Epker technique (4.45 ± 0.32 N) and Wolford (3.00 ± 0.21 N). GW (93.3%) and GHE (56.7%) showed a higher prevalence of lingual fracture in the posterior region of the mandibular canal (P < .001), while the GP (90%) had a higher frequency of lingual fracture pattern on the mylohyoid sulcus (P < .001). In more than 90% (P < .001) of the mandibles in GW and GHE, the IAN visualization was higher than 50%. In the GP, 90% (P < .001) of patients had IAN visualization of less than 50%. CONCLUSIONS: The Posnick technique required less torque to perform the sagittal osteotomy in a pig mandible and had good predictability (90%) for the less preferred lingual fracture pattern and minimal visualization of the nerve. The Wolford technique provided the best predictability (93%) for the preferred lingual fracture pattern and the best nerve visualization. Caution must be exercised when extrapolating the results from animal models to human applications.

Pre-imaginal exposure to mancozeb induces morphological and behavioral deficits and oxidative damage in Drosophila melanogaster.

Mancozeb (MZ), a manganese/zinc containing ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate, is a broad-spectrum fungicide. Chronic exposure to MZ has been related to several organisms' neurological, hormonal, and developmental disorders. However, little is known about the post-natal effects of developmental exposure to MZ. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster was subjected to a pre-imaginal (eggs-larvae-pupae stage) model of exposure to MZ at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL. The emergence rate, body size, locomotor performance, sleep patterns, and molecular and biochemical parameters were evaluated in post-emerged flies. Results demonstrate that pre-imaginal exposure to MZ significantly impacted early emerged flies. Additionally, reduced progeny viability, smaller body size and delaying in emergence period, locomotor impairment, and prolonged sleep time were observed. Content of glucose, proteins, and triglycerides were altered, and the bioenergetics efficiency and oxidative phosphorylation at complex I were inhibited. mRNA stade state levels of genes responsive to stress, metabolism, and regulation of circadian cycle (Nrf2, p38, Hsp83, Akt1, GPDH, tor, per, tim, dILP2, and dILP6) were augmented, pointing out to stimulation of antioxidant defenses, insulin-dependent signaling pathway activation, and disruption of sleep regulation. These data were followed by increased lipid peroxidation and lower glutathione levels. In addition, the activity of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were induced, whereas superoxide dismutase was inhibited. Together, these results demonstrate that developmental exposure to MZ formulation led to phenotype and behavioral alterations in young flies, possibly related to disruption of energetic metabolism, oxidative stress, and deregulation of genes implied in growth, sleep, and metabolism.

Effect of fungal indoor air pollutant 1-octen-3-ol on levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide as well as dehydrogenases activities in drosophila melanogaster males.

Fungal pollution of indoor environments contributes to several allergic symptoms and represents a public health problem. It is well-established that 1-octen-3-ol, also known as mushroom alcohol, is a fungal volatile organic compound (VOC) commonly found in damp indoor spaces and responsible for the typical musty odor. Previously it was reported that exposure to 1-octen-3-ol induced inflammations and disrupted mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetic rate in Drosophila melanogaster. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of 1-octen-3-ol on dehydrogenase activity, apoptotic biomarkers, levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as antioxidant enzymes activities. D. melanogaster flies were exposed to an atmosphere containing 1-octen-3-ol (2.5 or ∞l/L) for 24 hr. Data demonstrated that 1-octen-3-ol decreased dehydrogenases activity and NO levels but increased ROS levels accompanied by stimulation of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities without altering caspase 3/7 activation. These findings indicate that adverse mitochondrial activity effects following exposure of D. melanogaster to 1-octen-3-ol, a fungal VOC, may be attributed to oxidant stress. The underlying mechanisms involved in adverse consequences of indoor fungal exposure appear to be related to necrotic but not apoptotic mechanisms. The adverse consequences were sex-dependent with males displaying higher sensitivity to 1-octen-3-ol. Based upon on the fact that the fly genome shares nearly 75% of disease-related genes to human exposure to this fungus may explain the adverse human responses to mold especially for males.

Mini-Anchors to Surgically Treat the Chronic Mandibular Dislocation.

PURPOSE: Evaluate the feasibility of using mini-anchors for the treatment of chronic mandibular dislocation and to identify the variables that affect the success of this approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study evaluated 9 patients with bilateral recurrent dislocation of the mandible (18 operated joints), treated by a mandibular translation control system using the mini-anchor technique. Data was collected using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for subjective parameters and measurements for objective parameters prior to surgery (T1) and at the longest available follow-up (T2) with a minimum of a 12 months interval. Patients subjectively rated their facial pain/headache, jaw function, disability, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and diet. Objective functional changes were determined by measuring the interincisal opening and lateral excursions at T1 and T2. RESULTS: Significant subjective improvements in pain and dysfunction (89 to 94%) were observed (P < .01) from T1 to T2 in all parameters. The comfortable and guarded interincisal opening without mandibular dislocation increased by 41%, the maximum interincisal opening reduced 12 mm, and lateral excursions improved by 43%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with recurrent mandibular dislocations with or without disc dislocation can be treated effectively by the mini-anchor translation control system.

Treatment of the Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis with a Customized Prosthesis in a Single Stage: The Use of 3D Cutting Guides and Virtual Surgical Planning.

BACKGROUND: Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a debilitating condition and disabling as a result of craniomandibular fusion, which can result in trismus, pain and a poor quality of life. Current management includes interposition arthroplasty, gap arthroplasty, and reconstruction. Traditionally, the joints are reconstructed with pre-made prostheses (in stock), or the procedure is performed in two steps; with a computerized tomography scan, its design is observed between the respective and reconstructive procedures. STUDY DESIGN: A technical note about the customization management of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Describe a modification of technique using 3D surgical cutting and positioning guides digitally created to help determine the position and dimensions of the osteotomies as an auxiliary tool in the management of TMJ ankylosis, enabling the installation of personalized prostheses in a single stage. CONCLUSION: This technique has the advantage of allowing the installation of customized TMJ prostheses in a single stage, allowing greater predictability, less surgical time and less morbidity, in addition to being relatively simple and can be easily picked up by young surgeons.

Does Platelet-Rich Fibrin Prevent Hemorrhagic Complications After Dental Extractions in Patients Using Oral Anticoagulant Therapy?

PURPOSE: The number of anticoagulated patients requiring dental extractions and other minor dentoalveolar surgical procedures has increased significantly. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) prevents hemorrhagic complications after dental extractions in patients being treated with oral anticoagulants. METHODS: A 2-phase PROSPERO-registered systematic review of published within-subject controlled trials (CRD42020186678) was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Searches were conducted through Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, Central Cochrane, Scopus, DOSS, and Google Scholar, until May 2020. The predictor variable was the study group (PRF vs use/non-use of other hemostatic agents). The main outcome of interest was the risk of bleeding after tooth extraction and the covariates were postoperative complications. Data analysis included synthesis of results, risk of bias (RoB) evaluation, meta-analysis (random effects; I²-based heterogeneity; 95% confidence), and certainty of evidence assessment. RESULTS: From a total of 216 articles, 3 articles (low-moderate RoB) were included for evaluation in this systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 130 patients were involved. The outcomes of the meta-analysis showed that the use of PRF in extraction wounds did not reduce the risk of bleeding after extraction in anticoagulated patients (P= .330; I² = 99%). Furthermore, the use of PRF did not improve pain scores (P = .470; I² = 96%) or the risk of postoperative alveolitis (P = .4300; I² = 38%) in anticoagulated patients. The certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to low. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that PRF does not prevent hemorrhagic complications after tooth extraction in patients using oral anticoagulant therapy.

Effects of mancozeb on heat Shock protein 70 (HSP70) and its relationship with the thermal physiology of Physalaemus henselii (Peters, 1872) tadpoles (Anura: Leptodactylidae).

Negative impacts on amphibians have been reported due to contamination by agrochemicals. However, until now, no study has tested the effect of the fungicide mancozeb (MZ) on thermal tolerance and its relationship with the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs). MZ is the best-selling broad-spectrum fungicide in the world, which negatively affects non-target organisms. Here, we tested for the first time the effects of MZ on critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and its relationship to the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in tadpoles of Physalameus henselii, a colder-adapted species in southernmost of the Neotropical region. A sublethal concentration of 2 mg/L was used. We found that the CTmax of the MZ-treated group was lower than that of the control group. In addition, there was an increase in HSP70 expression in tadpoles exposed to MZ and in tadpoles that underwent heat treatment. However, tadpoles subjected to MZ and heat treatment showed no induced HSP70 protein expression. Our results demonstrated that sublethal doses of the fungicide MZ negatively affected the thermal physiology and heat shock protein expression in tadpoles of P. henselii by inducing an increase in HSP70 concentration and by reducing the critical CTmax supported by tadpoles. It is important to understand the relationship between environmental contamination and physiological thermal limits in our current scenario of high rates of habitat conversion associated with unrestricted use of agrochemicals, as well as the challenging environmental changes induced by global warming.

Mancozeb impairs mitochondrial and bioenergetic activity in Drosophila melanogaster.

Mancozeb (MZ) is a broad-spectrum fungicide used worldwide in several crops. Neurological disorders in humans and animals have been associated with exposure to this compound by mechanisms still not fully understood. Drosophila melanogaster represents a reliable model in toxicological studies, presenting genetic and biochemical similarities with mammals. In this study, D. melanogaster flies were exposed for 15 days to MZ through the food (5 and 10 mg/mL). After that period, the efficiency of mitochondrial respiration complexes and metabolic markers were analyzed and evaluated. Flies presented weight loss, lower glucose, trehalose, and glycogen levels, and augmented levels of triglycerides concerning control (non-treated group). Acetyl-CoA Synthetase (ACeCS-1) and Acyl-Coenzyme Synthetase (ACSL1) contents were unchanged by MZ treatment. Mitochondrial respiration of flies was targeted by MZ treatment, evidenced by a decrease in oxygen consumption and bioenergetics rate and inhibition in mitochondrial complexes I/II. These results suppose that an impairment in mitochondrial respiration jointly with reduced levels of energetic substrates might be a mechanism involved in MZ deleterious effects, possibly by the limitation of ATP's availability, necessary for essential cellular processes.

Behavioral changes occur earlier than redox alterations in developing zebrafish exposed to Mancozeb.

As agriculture expands to provide food and wellbeing to the world's growing population, there is a simultaneous increasing concern about the use of agrochemicals, which can harm non-target organisms, mainly in the aquatic environment. The fungicide Mancozeb (MZ) has been used on a large-scale and is a potent inducer of oxidative stress. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of more sensitive biomarkers designed to earlier biomonitoring of this compound. Here we tested the hypothesis that behavioral changes induced by sublethal MZ concentrations would occur first as compared to biochemical oxidative stress markers. Embryos at 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to Mancozeb at 5, 10 and 20 µg/L. Controls were kept in embryo water only. Behavioral and biochemical parameters were evaluated at 24, 28, 72, and 168 hpf after MZ exposure. The results showed that MZ significantly altered spontaneous movement, escape responses, swimming capacity, and exploratory behavior at all exposure times. However, changes in ROS steady-stead levels and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were observable only at 72 and 168 hpf. In conclusion, behavioral changes occurred earlier than biochemical alterations in zebrafish embryos exposed to MZ, highlighting the potential of behavioral biomarkers as sensitive tools for biomonitoring programs.

GOHAI and OHIP-EDENT Evaluation in Removable Dental Prostheses Users: Factorial Analysis and Influence of Clinical and Prosthetic Variables.

PURPOSE: To assess the degree of satisfaction and quality of life of patients with removable prostheses using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and Oral Health Impact Profile in Edentulous Adults (OHIP-EDENT), in addition to evaluating the questionnaires for their validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty patients participated in the study after completing prosthetic rehabilitation treatment. Patients were evaluated using the OHIP-EDENT and GOHAI questionnaires to assess the criteria for quality of life, esthetics, phonetics, masticatory function, stability, comfort, and alteration of taste and pain related to the completed prostheses. The results were subjected to the chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and a multinomial logistic regression model, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The most commonly used removable prosthesis was mandibular removable partial denture (RPD) (n = 43, 53.8%), followed by maxillary RPD (n = 42, 52.5%), maxillary complete denture (CD) (n = 33, 41.3%), and mandibular CD (n = 31, 38.8%). Most patients had to have one (n = 29, 36.3%), two (n = 21, 26.3%), or none (n = 18, 23.8%) adjustments in their prostheses. Five (6.3%) patients' prostheses required three adjustments, and six (7.5%) required four or more adjustments. All reported improvement in esthetics after using the prostheses (p < 0.05). The validation of the questionnaire proved to be more viable when completed without the presence of specific domains. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that removable prostheses improved the quality of life of rehabilitated patients. The questionnaires used need to be answered and evaluated in their entirety for validation.

Oral health in the analysis of patients with hearing disabilities / Saúde bucal na análise de pacientes com deficiência auditiva

Objective: To assess the degree of knowledge of deaf and hard of hearing patients about oral health and relate it to clinical and demographic variables. Methods: The target population was schoolchildren from the 6th to the 9th grade of Elementary School and the 1st year of High School. Data collection took place through a structured questionnaire previously validated. The expressed as absolute and percentage frequencies it was analyzed using Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test (p <0.05). Results: Assessing the relationship between oral health and quality of life, to 53 students, 32.1% of students never reported pain in their teeth, mouth, or jaws, 55.8% never missed school due to problems with their teeth or dental treatments, 71, 2% never avoided smiling or laughing due to problems with teeth or dental treatments, 53.8% never avoided opening their mouths or talking due to problems with teeth or dental treatments. Conclusion: Professional and patient communication should be emphasized with the deaf and hard of hearing to intensify the importance of monitoring with the dental surgeon, carrying out activities to promote, prevent, cure, and rehabilitate oral health.

Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de conhecimento de pacientes portadores de deficiência auditiva sobre a saúde bucal, e relacionar com as variáveis clínicas e demográficas. Métodos: A população alvo foram escolares do 6º ao 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental e do 1º ano do Ensino Médio. A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto a novembro de 2018, por meio de um questionário estruturado previamente validado. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do programa SPSS (Statistical Package of the Social Sciences) e expressos em forma de frequência absoluta e percentual e analisados pelo teste exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado de Pearson (p<0,05). Resultados: Avaliando a relação da saúde bucal com a qualidade de vida de 53 alunos; 32,1% dos alunos nunca relataram dores nos dentes, na boca, ou nos maxilares, 55,8% nunca faltaram à escola devido problemas com os dentes ou tratamentos dentários, 71,2% nunca evitaram sorrir ou rir devido a problemas com os dentes ou tratamentos dentários, 53,8% nunca evitaram abrir a boca ou falar devido a problemas com os dentes ou tratamentos dentários. Conclusão: A comunicação profissional e paciente deve ser enfatizada com os portadores de deficientes auditivos, com o intuito de intensificar a importância do acompanhamento com o cirurgião dentista, realizando atividades de promoção, prevenção, cura e reabilitação à saúde bucal